Active Voice & Passive Voice
Active Voice :- When the subject does the work directly, it is called an active voice.
e.g. Mohan plays football.
Passive Voice :- When the work is said to be done by the subject, it is called a passive voice.
e.g. Football is played by Mohan.
WHY PASSIVE VOICE?
1. To understand newspaper headlines.
2. For official report writing.
3. For all legal works.
ACTIVE TO PASSIVE VOICE
General Rules:-
1. In the passive voice, only third form of the verb is used.
2. Subject and object are interchanged.
3. “by” is used before the subject.
4. The helping verbs of the “passive voice” depend on the tense of the active voice and the object of the active voice.
Example :-
Mohan plays football. [ACTIVE VOICE]
(subject) (verb) (object)
Football is played (verb 3rd form) by Mohan [PASSIVE VOICE]
Passive voice is not possible in case of following 4 tenses :-
1. Future Continuous Tense
2. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
3. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
| TENSE | ACTIVE VOICE | PASSIVE VOICE |
| Present Indefinite | He learns English | English is learnt by him. |
| Past Indefinite | He learnt English. | English was learnt by him. |
| Future Indefinite | He will learn English. | English will be learnt by him. |
| Present Continuous | He is learning English. | English is being learnt by him. |
| Past Continuous | He was learning English. | English was being learnt by him. |
| Future Continuous | He will be learning English. | No Passive Voice |
| Present Perfect | He has learnt English. | English has been learnt by him. |
| Past Perfect | He had learnt English. | English had been learnt by him. |
| Future Perfect | He will have learnt English. | English will have been learnt by him. |
| Present Perfect Continuous | He has been learning English since Monday. | No Passive Voice |
| Past Perfect Continuous | He had been learning English since Monday. | No Passive Voice |
| Future Perfect Continuous | He will have been learning English since Monday. | No Passive Voice |
Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
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